When evolving to 5G SA, this physical EPC based on dedicated hardware cannot be used in a virtualized environment. This scenario depends on the capabilities of the existing network equipment vendors. Compared to scenario A, scenario B can be smoothly evolved to the target network through the expansion of virtualized EPC. To support NSA, the 4G core network needs to do a small software upgrade to add or expand several parameters.
The impact on 4G core network elements supports the NSA, which is shown in Table 1. Dual Connectivity used for Master eNodeB to connect to Secondary eNodeB has been standardized in the 4G network. NSA Option 3/3a/3x has adopted the 4G Dual Connectivity process.
64T/32T tends to perform better in dense-urban high-rise scenarios and hence may be more cost efficient, whereas 32T or 16T tend to be more cost efficient in urban and suburban scenarios. Engineering constraint is also an important aspect to consider.
Massive MIMO can improve both coverage and capacity and is a key technical solution for 5G network. But the deployment of Massive MIMO requires three considerations including performance requirements, installation requirements, and TCO saving. From a business perspective, 4K/8K video and VR are eMBB typical services. As shown in the following table, these services require a downlink throughput of 50 to 100 Mbps and an uplink rate of 3 to 5 Mbps . Scenario A is the easiest way, but it has also brought a big drawback.
There is no need to make any modifications to the hardware. The overall process including handover is not different from that of 4G network.
- Those data are contained in audio, video and image files, email messages and web searches on major U.S.
- According to published reports, the National Security Agency has been using the PRISM program to monitor information and data communicated via the Internet.
- The AsiaPortal is a Nordic information portal for researchers, students, government officers and journalists with an interest in Asia.
- It’s uberhorny time for the American people to look beyond that and say, ‘ Is this what we want for a free society ?
What It Means To Be A Part Of The Nsa Family
In some scenarios, there are limits to the weight and volume of the Massive MIMO unit. For example, in South Korea, the engineering department requires AAU weight not to exceed 25kg, and the installation of equipment over 40kg requires the use of Crane in the Netherlands, which costs 1K Euro per 6 hours. In this scenario, 32T is an option for deploying 5G networks.
Field tests show that combining DL on C-band with UL on sub-3 GHz can improve both uplink and downlink experience by 6 times . 5G network deployment needs to fully consider performance, cost, space and weight limitation, etc. The most cost effective configuration, 64T, 32T or 16T may be different for different deployment scenarios due to the different performance benefits in the scenarios, respectively.